It is derived from namazh, in turn derived from the Middle Persian namaach, a word with roots in the Avestan nemangh. The three ancient fire temples, known as the Great Fires, wer… The passing of Zoroastrian ideas and values from one person to the next is symbolized by a new flame being lit from an existing one. Zoroastrian Zoroastrianism practices: Zoroastrians believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God’s light or wisdom. The reverence for “hearth fire,” underlies the significance of continuing the family line and the clan. Mantras are insightful thoughts; thoughts for reflection, contemplation and meditation on God's work, personal spiritual growth, introspection and commitment to the principles of the faith as well as personal goals. tot en met de 7e eeuw n. Chr. This comes, I think, from their not believing the gods to have the same nature with men, as the Greeks imagine. The gathering areas were on hillsides and hilltops. In the Zoroastrian religion, fire (see atar), together with clean water (see aban), are agents of ritual purity The “most vigorous” or lively fire of vazištá is identified with lightening. The unity of “will-power, spiritual wisdom, and action” ḵratü makes manifest a greater becoming. Zoroastrian struggle is to bring “the spiritual and the infinite” into the world and to discover the eternal flame within. Pak Yazdan, the purest Divinity)." In certain temples, this fire is kept burning continuously, representing an eternal flame. The temporal world therefore is the battle-field in which the warrior fulfills his divine destiny, cherishing life as a cultivator and farmer, where plants, animals and men are each called to grow and ripen into powerful forces asserting themselves within the creative order of ašá/arthá. Zoroaster placed less emphasis on ritual worship, instead of focusing on the central ethics of ‘Good Words, Good Thoughts, and Good Deeds’. Long known as fire worshippers, Zoroastrian fire adoration traces its roots back to those combustible oil deposits found naturally near the surface of the ground there, most notably the Baku Springs region. Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism became the state religion of Persia. The chief symbol of Zoroastrianism is fire. The orthodox will pray during each of the five divisions of the day (see our page on the Zoroastrian calendar) or gahs (see our page on the Avesta, scriptures) including reciting a special set of prayers before and after bathing. By mimicking the cosmic order ašá/arthá, mortal man becomes a “divine artist” aša.van/artha.van and finds the everlasting fire within. If so, one of the few Western references to this name), that is to say, the purest worship of divine beings (cf. There are indications that dried shrubs, twigs and wood from Camel Thorn, Juniper and Plane (Chenar) trees were traditionally used for the atash-gah fires.]. Compare with Hindi namaste from Vedic Sanskrit namas-te meaning 'honouring-you'. Their wont, however, is to ascend the summits of the loftiest mountains..." II.28, 227A), that most learned deliverer of wise opinions, teaches us that Magiæ (Magism) is by a mystic name Machagistia (Mazdayasni? The verse is about the realization of “an eternal age of progress and a spring with no end” through a “molten, flowing” ḵšûstá “metal/iron” aii.aηhá which “gives or establishes” dávöi the “sign, indication” daḵštem of “a god-like existence” ahv.áhü. The temporal fire represents the spiritual flame (mainyu athra) within us and the ethical values of Asha: order, beneficence, honesty, fairness and justice. The temples contain an inner sanctum (pavi) or platform where a fire is maintained or placed. The oldest fire temple, which is in Sistan, goes back to the 4 th century BC. Through the gift of “fire” and “courage, spirit, creative imagination” manö, mortal man is no longer enchained to doom and oblivion. Zoroastrianism Rises in North America ... Now he finds refuge at his community’s fire temple, the Zoroastrian house of worship, which hosts a gas flame that never goes out. When they wished to worship as a community, they did so in open air gathering areas around a podium where a fire was lit. Zoroastrian worship practices have evolved from ancient times to the present day. Parsi Zoroastrians worship beside the sea near the Gateway to India, Mumbai, Prayers offered by a congregation during the death anniversary of Zarathushtra. "... separated the priesthood from other folk Our good deeds are also a prayer in action. A fire temple, Atashkadeh (Persian: آتشکده ‎), Atashgah (آتشگاه) or Dar-e Mehr (در مهر) is the place of worship for the followers of Zoroastrianism, the ancient religion of Iran . Moreover, people keep the fire inside the fire temple going forever, never letting it get extinguished. The temporal fire represents the spiritual flame (mainyu athra) within us and the ethical values of Asha: order, beneficence, honesty, fairness and justice. First is the “lofty, auspicious fire” bərəzi.sava, “the Exalted, Victorious fire of the eternal flames.” (Compare Avestan bərəzi “high, lofty” with proto Germanic bergaz, berg,“mountain.”), The good/beautiful fire of “love, fertility” vôhü fryán is the “life force of men and beasts.” The fire of ûrvázištá animates the “plants and trees” ûrvar. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. 371D; Isoc. Het zoroastrisme is de inheemse monotheïstische en dualistische religie van Iran die werd gesticht door de profeet Zarathustra (Oudgrieks: Zoroaster).Het zoroastrisme is een van de oudste levende religieuze tradities ter wereld, en is van de 6e eeuw v. Chr. (Also see Early Zoroastrian Worship, Zoroastrian worship page) Zoroastrian’s worship in places known as fire temples and it is there that an eternal flame is kept burning with sandalwood and frankincense oils. [Note: The word namaz or namaaz is used in modern Persian to mean prayer. In Zoroastrianism, the great gift of the Gods is manö the “mind energy/courage/spirit” to face destiny with unbounded “fiery vitality,” become the artist of the gods aša.van/artha.van and to win the timeless glory sravá by “hearing the song/music of the Immortals.”, In the poetic gathas, the protection páiiüm of Mazdá the “supreme god of inspiring creativity,” is sought in none “other than thy fire and mind power” aniiém θwahmát áθras.čá man.aηhas.čá, (See Yasna 46.7, 3rd rhymed verse line. In the eastern (and perhaps original) regions of the Zoroastrian homeland, there are older (3,000 BCE?) When these ideas and values are passed from one generation to another without interruption, we have the notion of an 'eternal' flame, one that will endure the passage of time. Devotees young and old at pilgrimage site Pir-e Sabz / Chak-Chak, Yazd, Iran. A flame always burns upwards, so are the paths toward the horizons of a yet unrealized future. Zoroastrians worship in fire temples, where a sacred fire is kept burning to signify an eternal flame, and fire is always present during special prayers and ceremonies. Fire in our faith embodies the triumph, the unsurpassed power of the spirit ḵratü (Homeric krátos,) the breaking free from the confines of space, love of excellence/virtue ašá/arthá and the projection of the unbounded will power into the ends of time and space. The idea of the sacred fire is also a fundamental symbol in Zoroastrian worship. It is the symbol of Ahura Mazda, along with the sun, stars and light and is also a physical representation of an illuminated mind. In these districts the lands of the Magi are fertile; and it may be as well to give a short account of that sect and their studies, since we have occasion to mention their name. ( Log Out /  Authentic Zoroastrianism based on the poetic gathas and their most ancient commentaries, Introductory poem to the gatha inspired poetry, The principle of action and the impulse of health/vitality in Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism, sacred fire and fire-worship, Mazda, Odin and the Sacred Fire of Zoroaster – rainwindandwolf, Rapithwin, the lord of brightness, and radiance, Veneration of Immortals, and the Concept of Intercession in Zoroastrianism. Over time, Zoroastrians developed the concept of worshipping in temples, sometimes called fire temples. Zoroastrianism was brought to places such as China by Persians and Parsis from India. Even when the ancient words of a manthra are poorly understood, reciting a manthra has a calming, soothing effect that allows the mind to refocus itself. Zoroastrians hold that the effectiveness of a person's beliefs is demonstrated in that person's deeds. Instead, fire represents God. The fire temple or places of worship are consecrated for prayers and sacred ceremonies. (Compare Avestan ûrvar with Latin arbor.). Zoroastrians believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God 's light or wisdom. ), The Avestan áthar is related to Czech vatra, Romanian vatrā “fire,” Latin āter “blackened by fire,” atrium “chimney, space over hearth” come from the same root, (Courtesy of Didier Calin. Further, as the spiritual fire will be diminished with bad or negative thoughts, the temporal fire is kept free from anything that will sully the flame. Fire does play a symbolic central role in religious ceremonies. Zoroastrian scriptures do not prescribe worshipping in a temple and make no mention of Zoroastrian places of worship. 4th century CE, Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus makes the following observations in his Rerum gestarum libri Standing before an eternal flame reciting a manthra is one way to contemplate the nature of God's creation and how to work in concert with God's creation - an act of piety and worship. Muslims have also taken the concept of praying five times a day and using a prayer cap or head-covering while praying from Zoroastrianism. After the time of Zoroaster, Zoroastrianism underwent many changes at the hands of the priests who were called Magi. These places of worship are called Agiary or Atash Behram (fire temples). In ancient times, historical records state than when the community gathered together for a religious event, they did so in open air gathering areas around a podium where a fire was lit. Our bodies are the temples of the spiritual flame - the mainyu athra that resides within us - and our lives are the temples of our souls. In fact, the Persian word doud-man “lineage, dynasty, house” goes back to the SMOKE arising from the “family hearth.” Thus an eternal flame burning in “home, hearth and kin group” is both a consequence and a requirement of ašá/arθá “excellence, truth, world order.”. In Ferdowsi's Shahnameh Zarathushtra held up a censer containing a flame and said to King Vishtasp "Look upon the heavens and the earth. In the Zoroastrian sacred poetry fire/luminous energy is the visible son or prodigy pûthræ of Ahûrá Mazdá. It was probably founded sometime before the 6th century BCE in Greater Iran. The spéñištá fire can be compared with ugnis szwenta of Lithuanian heathenry. For cosmos is actively in the state of becoming infinitely better. outdoor worship sites in Tajikistan (see photo at the right). Zarathushtra proclaimed the worship of Ahura Mazda (the Wise Lord or the Lord of Wisdom) who is believed to have created a good world consisting of seven elements of creation: the sky, waters, earth, plants, cattle, humans, and fire. In as much as the spiritual fire - the mainyu athra - is to be fed the fuel of good thoughts and a life led according to the principles of Asha (s… In the Zoroastrian scriptures is a section called the Gathas or hymns. Zoroastrians are sometimes mistakenly believed to worship fire. that God be adored in quietude." Thus, in the universe as well as in man, the state of becoming ahüric or god-like is realized through purging by a fiery trial. Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest world religions and arguably the first monotheistic faith in the world. Sanskrit agni English ignite from Latin ignis, and Russian ogon), and an inanimate type *paewr- (cf. Ignorance and darkness are the absence of wisdom and light. Interestingly, in Avestan nemase-te means 'reverence to you'. een belangrijke, door de staat gesteunde religie in Iran geweest. Search from Zoroastrianism Fire stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. » Top, •  © Author: K. E. Eduljee, Zoroastrian Heritage, 2005-17 (researched from 1979 onwards)   •  Contact   •  Page validated by W3C.org, Jashan / Jashne - Thanksgiving Ceremonies. Fire is an extremely important symbol in Zoroastrianism as it represents God's (or Ahura Mazda's) ultimate wisdom and eternal light, as well as is a symbol of purification and Ahura Mazda's presence. The purpose of human life was to choos… No Temples or AltarsWorshipping on High Places. and made its place of service in the mountains, We read in the poetic gathas, Yasna 51.9 2nd rhymed verse line: aii.aηhá ḵšûstá aibî ahv.áhü daḵštem dávöi. Greek historian and visitor to ancient Persia, Herodotus, described (c. 430 BCE) the worship customs of the Persian Zoroastrians of his day as follows: "The customs which I know the Persians to observe are the following: they have no images of the gods (a Greek manner of speaking), no temples nor altars, and consider the use of them a sign of folly. Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers, as they are sometimes called. Szwenta “auspicious, holy, increasing” is the same as the Avestan speñtá. Traditionally, Zoroastrians worship individually at home, or in the open, facing a source of light. The gathering areas were on hillsides and hilltops. These fire-keepers are priests of the Zoroastrian religion. Zoroastrians turn towards a flame (atarsh/athra/atash) or a source of light while praying. 2. Zarathushtra, and later tradition, refer to the Gathas as mathra (later called a manthra). “Eternal Progress” is the definition of faršö-kart “the splendid re-making, fresh new creation of the worlds.”. In temples the source of light is a flame maintained in a fire urn. Fire, in Zoroastrianism therefore, is considered one of the most sacred elements of nature. Strabo, a Greek writer from the first century ACE, confirms the observations of Herodotus and other writers that "the Persians do not erect statues or altars, but 'offer sacrifice' (worship) on a high place," and that the worship ceremonies were officiated by the Magi, (the legendary Zoroastrian priests discussed further in the Priesthood Page). It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) in ancient Iran … This belief system held that there were many gods, ruled by Ahura Mazda, who guided and protected humanity from the threats and influences of dark forces, led by the spirit-deity Angra Mainyu. It was in Achaemenian times, during the reign of Darius I (522-486 BC) that permanent altars were built as a place for worship. Fire—along with water—are seen as symbols of purity in Zoroastrian religion.Zoroastrian places of worship are sometimes called fire temples. Plato (our note: at Ax. In Zoroastrianism, fire symbolizes the Struggle between being and becoming, the pure transformative energy, the WILL POWER that drives mortal man forward towards godhood and becoming infinitely better. Look upon the fire and behold therein how they were created." However, fire is not worshipped, but is seen as sacred force which is the source of all energy and the sy… Reciting a manthra is one form of prayer. Zoroastrianism (or Mazdaism) is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of prophet Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra, in Avestan) and was formerly among the world’s largest religions. Fire represents many ideas and ideals of the faith. The Zoroastrian scriptures are called the Avesta, and they are written in an ancient language Avestan, that is closely related … Traditionally, Zoroastrians worship individually at home, or in the open, facing a source of light. In as much as the spiritual fire - the mainyu athra - is to be fed the fuel of good thoughts and a life led according to the principles of Asha (scriptural reference: Gatha 31.3), the temporal fire is fed pure fuels so that it too may burn with vigour and brightness. The sacred fire, which was common to Indian and Iranian traditions even before Zarathushtra, is the central icon of the faith. This is because Zoroastrians face a source of light when they pray. The notion of fire worship goes back to reverence for “hearth fire” among ancient Indo-Europeans. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Each fire temple contains an altar with an eternal flame that burns continuously and is never extinguished.According to legend, three ancient Zoroastrian fire temples, known as the great fires, were said to have come directly from the Zoroastrian god, Ahura Mazda, at the beginning of time. Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers, as some Westerners wrongly believe. Besides the many goods traded on the Silk Road, beliefs and cultures were also exchanged between nations. The Shahnameh goes on to state that King Jamshid: The notion of fire worship goes back to reverence for “hearth fire” among ancient Indo-Europeans. Zoroastrian temples keep a fire burning at all times to represent Ahura Mazda’s eternal power. I shall conclude by Yasna 34.4 from the poetic gathas: at töi áθrém ahûrá//aôjö.aηh.vañtem ašá ûsé.mahî, asîštém éma.vañtem//stöi rapañtæ ciθrá-av.aηhem, at mazdá daibiš.iiañtæ//zastá.ištá.áiš dereštá-aæn.aηhem, Thy fire, god-force//energetic through cosmic order, truth; is our object of wish/desire, Swift and mighty//stands to radiate happiness, manifesting good fortune. Ahura Mazda has an evil opponent called Aura Mainyu (which may have strongly influenced the idea of Satan in the Abrahamic religions). While praying helps to reaffirm beliefs, a life based on good deeds is prayer in action. [Also see our page on Fire as well as athra / atash in our Overview page. Among the most important of these gods were Mithra (god of contracts, the rising sun, cosmic order, and kingship), Anahita (goddess of fertility, health, water, wisdom, and war), Hvar Ksata (god of the full sun), Verethragna (warrior-god/defender of the good), Tishtrya (god of agriculture and rainfall), Haoma (go… It is the holiest element within the religion, and their places of worship are often referred to as fire temples. English - fire, Greek pyr, Sanskrit pu). In Indo-European languages, there were two concepts regarding fire: that of an animate type called *egni- (cf. Pingback: Mazda, Odin and the Sacred Fire of Zoroaster – rainwindandwolf. ( Log Out /  Because fire (Atar or Adur/Adar) is used in many Zoroastrian ceremonies, some people have erroneously described Zoroastrians as “fire worshippers”. Zoroastrianism at a glance. Through heroic struggle, mortal man becomes a vessel of sublime change and gives rise to consciously willed evolution. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The terms “Fire Worship” and “Fire-Worshippers” were always associated with Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrians throughout history. Nature worship - Nature worship - Fire: Worship of fire is widespread, especially in areas where the earthly fire is believed to be the image of the heavenly fire. The temporal fire also represents the fire of creation. At the heart of a Zoroastrian place of worship burns a fire - and where possible the fire burns continuously symbolizing an eternal flame. Nowadays, even with the advent of temples, worship or praying for Zoroastrians is primarily an individual endeavour at home or in the open, by the sea, on hill tops, or in some other suitable open setting. The holiest temple fires take up to a year to consecrate, and many have been burning for years or even centuries. ], Zoroastrians turn towards a flame (atarsh/athra/atash) or a source of light while praying. In addition to Herodotus' observations, there is evidence of early western (Persian and Median) open air places of worship in the higher reaches of the foothills of the Zagros and Bakhtiyari mountains (the western mountains of Iran, adjacent to the present Iran-Iraq border) dated to a few hundred years before Herodotus. The Misconception of Zoroastrians as Fire Worshipers . Instead, mortal man joins with the Immortal ahûrás in the struggle against all limitation, stagnation and chaos; projects himself into the immensity of eternity, and becomes a bridge into the supernal realm. This is a natural progression of the ethical creed of good thoughts, words and deeds, where good deeds are held to be most meritorious. Zoroastrians worship in fire temples such as the one below. Fire temples are places of worship in Zoroastrianism. God made them not with dust and water. Zoroastrians worship together on special occasions often called a jashne or jashan (also jashn / jasan), words that evolved from yasna (Avestan), which later became yazishn (Middle Persian) and then izeshne or ijeshne. In ancient times, Zoroastrians had no fixed place of worship. The priests re-introduced ritualism and the worship of the old nature-deities in a new garb by making them archangels of Ahura Mazda. Fire is the visible embodiment of the Gods and the “brilliant element” that binds the world of mortal men to the “luminous and limitless” realm of the Immortals. They no more worship the fire than Christians worship the Cross or Jews worship the Torah scroll. This development is discussed in our page on places of worship. The name Azerbaijan derives from the Middle and Old Persian Adar-badhagan and Atur-patakan meaning protected by fire. The Scripture Selection page provides some verses from the Gathas and their translations. In short, it is the richest residence of the kings. At the heart of a Zoroastrian place of worship burns a fire - and where possible the fire burns continuously symbolizing an eternal flame. Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. Fire is also recognized as a powerful purifier and is respected for that reason. ( Log Out /  Zoroastrianism is a pre-Islamic Iranian religion and one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions. Zoroastrianism: Boyce, Mary: Amazon.nl Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen … 23.6.31-32: "They have also as many cities as Media, and villages as strongly built as towns in other countries, inhabited by large bodies of citizens. Our lives are the temples of our souls. While Zoroastrians are sometimes mistaken for fire worshipers, they do not worship the fire itself. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The pages on Tajikistan contain additional photographs of early worship sites. Silk Road Spread. The Early Iranian Religion was polytheistic with Ahura Mazda as the king of the gods presiding over a pantheon of many others. The word namaz is now also used by Persian and Indo-Pakistani Muslims to mean prayer. Persia is now a Mohammedan country. Staircases led up to the terraces that had a podium on which fire containers were built or fire urns placed. Zoroastrianism, ancient pre- Islamic religion of Iran that survives there in isolated areas and, more prosperously, in India, where the descendants of Zoroastrian Iranian (Persian) immigrants are known as Parsis, or Parsees. Fire is venerated as a great purifying agent and as a symbol of Ahura Mazda’s power, but it is in no way worshiped or thought to be Ahura Mazda himself. Change ). ( Log Out /  These hymns are believed to be the original words of Zarathushtra, faithfully preserved as an oral tradition through the generations. The region is known for its continuously burning natural gas fires, which to the ancients must have seemed like the miraculous phenomenon of an ever-burning fire - a symbol of special importance in Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrian creed can be summarized as an everlasting striving for what lays beyond the horizon and the attainment of the ethereal ûštá. Place of Worship. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. In Zoroastrian sacred lore, like in the Norse mythology, the end of the mundane world comes first with 3 harsh, most severe winters and then with fire. Zoroastrian's worship in places known as fire temples and it is there that an eternal flame is kept burning with sandalwood and frankincense oils. Every fire temple houses an ‘eternal flame’ on its altar, which burns continuously without extinguishing. Despite this early tradition, Zoroastrians did develop the concept of worshipping in temples. Zoroastrianism stills retains practitioners in the 21st Century, most notably the Parsees of Mumbai, India. The terms “Fire Worship” and “Fire-Worshippers” were always associated with Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrians throughout history. Although the exact date Zoroastrianism was founded is unknown, archaeological evidence and linguistic comparisons with the Hindu text Rig Veda suggest that it emerged around 1200-1500 BCE. ), In Zoroastrianism the “family hearth” is sacred and never suppose to go out or be extinguished. Zoroastrian Fire Temple of Yazd, Iran Zoroastrian Fire Temple of Yazd, Iran. The Divine 1. The polytheistic faith of the early Persians was most likely already developed in some form prior to their arrival in the region of Iran sometime around the 3rd millennium BCE and then was influenced by the Elamites and people of Susiana who were already established there. The wondrous workings of the cosmic order ašá/arthá are akin to the transformative nature of fire. The word for “fire” in the Avesta is áθar/áthar, also áθarš/átharš, referring to the “fires of altar and hearth.” It comes from reconstructed Proto Indo European *háhtr “hearth or altar fire,” from the root *hahs-“to burn”, and is a cognate of Hittite hâssâ “hearth fire,” (Courtesy of Didier Calin. A similar distinction existed for water. ), Avestan manö is a cognate with Greek menos μένος, understood as ‘fighting spirit’ in Homeric contexts, and indicates creative forces animated by supernal “disposition/mindset/spirit.”. But to Thy enemy, Mazda//with hands wielding discernible power, inflicts agony. And lastly there is spéñištá “the most auspicious” fire, burning in the presence of Öhrmazd. This overcoming of limitations times and again, the rising above the mundane and the attainment of the infinite through the act of becoming ever better, is called “eternal progress” in the Zoroastrian sacred literature. Avesta talks of 5 kinds of fires (See Yasna 17.11). Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. In his epic, the Shahnameh, Ferdowsi states that legendary King Jamshid created four professional guilds of which the priesthood was the first. Fire is a source of light and light represents wisdom while darkness represents ignorance. The worlds. ” to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email or in the world to. Address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email of vazištá identified... Source of all energy and the worship of the most auspicious ” fire, ” underlies significance! 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