It is crucially a form of chemical energy which is released by the light-dependent reaction. NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase) is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space. In summary, it takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to fix six carbon atoms from CO 2 . • ATP is the energy source, while NADPH is the reducing agent that adds high-energy electrons to form sugar. 1 Answer. What is NADPH? d) calvin cycle. Figure: The Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle has three stages. Photosystems I and II. The reduction equivalents (NADPH) and ATP produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis are used for CO 2 assimilation in the Calvin (Calvin-Benson) cycle (so-called dark reactions or light-independent reactions).The principles of CO 2 fixation by the so-called C 3 pathway in chloroplasts are shown in Fig. a) chemiosmosis. In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, 3-PGA. In the first stage of Calvin cycle, the light-independent reactions are initiated and carbon dioxide is fixed. In the second stage of C3 cycle, ATP and NADPH reduce 3PGA to G3P. This is where sugar is made. … b) glycolisis. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue. 5.7.The enzymes catalysing the individual steps of the Calvin cycle … Answer Save. Notice that the light reaction makes no sugar. C3 cycle refers to the dark reaction of photosynthesis. absorption of sunlight, electrons flow down the electron transport chain, NADPH is made, water is split The calvin cycle occurs in the stroma surrounding the … Instead, it supplies energy — stored in the ATP and NADPH — that gets plugged into the Calvin cycle. Reaction center chlorophylls P700 and P680. It is indirectly dependent on light and the essential energy carriers are products of light-dependent reactions. ive ruled out b and c, but im not sure what it is? Human isoforms of the catalytic component of the complex include NOX1, … • The Calvin cycle is similar to the Krebs cycle in that the starting material is regenerated by the end of the cycle. e) passing of electrons from photosystem 1 to an electron transport chain. How light energy is used to make ATP and NADPH. These six turns require energy input from 12 ATP molecules and 12 NADPH molecules in the reduction step and 6 ATP molecules in the regeneration step. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue. In stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced using electrons supplied by NADPH. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms. The ATP and NADPH also will take part in the synthesis part of photosynthesis. NADPH is made by.....? 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